Rotger, A., Igual, J.M., Genovart, M., [...], Tavecchia, G. 2021. Contrasting Adult Body-Size in Sister Populations of the Balearic Lizard, Podarcis lilfordi (Günther 1874) Suggests Anthropogenic Selective Pressures. Herpethological Monograph 35: 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00005
Summary: Recently isolated populations offer a good biological model to infer the
evolutionary forces responsible for the current divergences across
populations. We coupled genetic, morphometric, ecological, and
demographic analyses from three island populations of the endemic
Balearic Wall Lizard, Podarcis lilfordi, (Balearic archipelago,
Spain) to infer the mechanisms underlying the observed differences in
body size. For each population, we described plant community structure,
derived a biotic capacity index, and used individual-based data on 1369
lizards captured and released during 6 yr (2009–2015) to estimate
population density and body growth patterns.

We used genetic data
collected on 80 individuals (∼27 for each population) to infer genetic
divergences across islets and population history. Body size divergences
cannot be explained by the ecological or population characteristics.
Individual growth was slower in the smallest island, where lizards
reached the largest average body size. In addition to having the highest
density, results suggested that resource availability does not
constrain asymptotic body size, but the speed at which individuals reach
it does. The Approximate Bayesian Computation used to infer population
history from genetic data supported the occurrence of two bottlenecks in
the islet with the highest anthropogenic footprint. We emphasize the
need to integrate ecological and genetic data and the importance of
considering the effects of past human disturbance as an additional force
in being able to model present island fauna.